The construction of wooded pylons and piers is always organized to ensure comfortable and safe access of people to water. Over time, to the methods of erecting these surface structures, new technologies are added, based on the use of modern building materials. Immediately allowed to elect, build a wooden pier for a pile foundation, who will serve not for a single year, or erect because of a couple of days pontoon construction for seasonal use. To select the design of the quay and the method of its erection, the features of the soil in the coastal zone of the reservoir, the relief of the coastal strip, the rapidity of the river flow, as well as the loads created in the spring gap by the melting ice shell influence. Dimensions of the structure depend on its purpose and intensity of operation. The berths and berths can be removed for bathing and sunbathing, mooring small vessels (rowing boats and motor boats, catamarans, aqua bikes, boats), romantic rest for water in arbors established unswervingly for woody flooring.
align="left"p>Part of the shore of the reservoir, equipped with special devices for mooring small boats, also their parking, repair and maintenance, called the quay. Based on the beliefs of the engineering device, the cause of the construction is divided for subsequent subspecies:
mooring walls, erected along the shore of the reservoir from gabions and reinforced concrete products
pontoon berth, arranged for a floating platform of plastic barrels, pipes, special containers
mooring for wood or iron spiral stilts, driven or screwed to the bottom of the reservoir
pier - berth, located perpendicular to the shore of the aqua object. The design of the descent to the reservoir with the construction of marinas and berths increases the pleasantness of the resting place and provides the necessary height of safety
Construction of piers for a pile foundation
In Russian villages that stretch along the banks of the high-water rivers, wood berths can be seen for the sake of fishing boats built for pile foundations. Previously, hardwoods were used as piles. In most cases larch, oak or alder logs were used. At the present time, importance is given more to iron piles, which can exist as pile and screw-like ones. The reason for the future piles is distinguished by a well-wisher through the other by a structure, also by an installation method.
Variation #1 - pile driving piles
Pile driving piles are made in the form of iron pipes, equipped with a pointed tip. In the ground, the reason for piles is blocked by copra (pile driving machines). A similar mounting method can be bad for the metal condition. Svayu can"lead"and even tighten a spiral. In the case of such deformation of the metal, the pile will not reach a layer of solid ground, and probably will not be able to exist as a real support for the pier to be constructed. Not always the special machinery can drive up to the construction site of the berthing facility. Consequently, the use of screw-like piles is used by the pile foundation with their own hands.
Variation #2 - screw-like piles A screw-like pile, like a pile, is made of an iron pipe. Near the lower conical end, a blade of a certain configuration is welded, and for the other end there is a headband needed for the anchoring of the base of the future berth. Thanks to this blade-screw, the pile is freely screwed into the bottom soil, yet it is not necessary to apply extremely great physical efforts. During the smooth rotation, the helical pile moderately enters the ground. The danger of deformation of the pipe walls is small for all this. The length of the spiral-shaped piles can reach 11 m. As required, the pipe can be expanded either, in bulk, clipped. The installation of an arboreal jetty of complex shape during the winter time greatly simplifies the knowledge of the works. In accordance with the ice, it is permissible to punish freely before any place of construction The greater the load the pile should abstain, the more the diameter of its trunk is forced to exist. With all this, it makes sense and the thickness of its walls.
Installation Rules
Prior to installation, a clear number of piles should be fired, an unusual cross-section should be selected taking into account the load. Calculate a small gap between adjacent piles, which the matter of the grillage does not quite sag. The length of the piles is selected based on the type of soil and the depth of its freezing in a given area.
Then, screwing the helical pile for a certain depth into the groove of its trunk is poured concrete (sign M300 and above). This dose builds up the bearing of the support element. To be mounted pile foundation in the winter season in the concrete solution add special additives. It's just right, the installation of piles for the berth is better to live in the winter. For ice it is much more convenient and cheaper to live work than in water. If the earth is heterogeneous in accordance with the structure, then the piles are set for different depths, then they are smoothed out according to this level. Schematic view of a wooden pier, built for a pile foundation. The length of the helical piles is determined by the method of trial drilling, during which it is allowed to determine the depth of occurrence of hard soil layers
The screw-like piles are suitable for reusable use. They can be screwed, and as necessary, dismantling the above-water structure - to save. Byl, with all this quenching the concrete pile stem is not recommended. Serving screw-like piles can be quite decades, mainly if their species is treated with a special chemical composition. It's likely that a jetty built for a pile foundation is allowed to be used for a long time.
Separately standing piles are combined into a single structure using a channel welded to their heads. Sometimes as a connecting link a log is used. All-weld seams need to be treated with a special compound made for epoxy, enamel or paint base. This coating protects the seams in a humid environment through corrosion.
For clay soil, the installation of a pile foundation is unrealistic. In this case, other options for mooring and pier arrangements are considered.
Waterproof wood species of valuable species (larch, acacia, ipe, coumaru, garapa, bangirai, massaranduba, merbau) are used as materials used for laying decks for piers and piers. A separate quality of expensive wood species has its inimitable color and special texture. To reduce the cost of construction is permitted due to the use of modern water-repellent polymer and wood-polymer materials, for which special deck and terraced boards are made. These materials are perfectly suitable for the construction of surface structures, because:
do not lend themselves to the process of decay and decomposition through the effects of humidity and precipitation
Are not subject to deformation, since they do not shrink, swell, curl or warp, do not scrape and do not crack (as a reward through many species of natural tree species)
are able without loss of decorative properties to post significant temperature differences, counter UV radiation
own the highest abrasion resistance
withstand huge shock loads
has a non-slip, grooved appearance, which makes it safe to move around in accordance with the berth during or after the rain.
The polymer deck plank used for the erection of decking for moorings and piers does not need to be protected with varnishes and oils, which greatly simplifies the upbringing due to its surface. Installation of wood flooring for a ruthless frame, fixed for a pile foundation. Finishing boards with protective compounds that protect them through early wear
The installation of wood flooring is carried out using the technology of the concealed fastening element. To finish the finished quay, fixing fences, descents into the water, as well as mooring fenders and other devices needed for the operation of small vessels are established.
A sample of a simple pontoon berth assembly
For the construction of a small pontoon-type berth, a log of wood, planed boards, nails, screws, iron corners, 200-liter barrels and ropes for the sake of fixing them. The square frame of the structure is assembled from a bar section 100 for 50 mm for the shore. The length of the side of the square is 2.5 meters. The rim is strengthened in accordance with the angles with the help of wood bars, which are set accurate. The corners of the frame structure must exist straight (90 degrees). The structure, assembled from a wooden beam and hermetic barrels, is an example of a simple pontoon-type berth providing an approach to a pond
The buoyancy of the berth is provided by 4 200-liter barrels, used earlier for the storage of petroleum products. The barrels must be completely sealed. For the sake of this requirement, a sealant or silicone is applied near the plugs to prevent water from entering the containers. For the best attachment of the barrels to the frame structure, use additional bars (50 for 50 mm), which are attached to the main frame by means of iron corners. In these bars, holes are drilled, through which the ropes are stretched for the sake of securely fixing the barrels located along both sides of the frame, parallel to each other. The inverted rim, ready for descent for water, is transferred to a pool without a deck, who will weight its authority a couple of times
Then a wooden frame of a rectangular shape is turned over, while barrels are framed from below the structure. In this position, the structure is installed in a pond near the shore. Anchor order is used for its attachment. It is also permissible to attract a structure to a pile screwed into the ground for the shore of the reservoir, or a column dug into the ground and concreted. For the final step, planking of planed boards is nailed to the frame. A short bridge is also being built, providing access to the pier from the shore of the reservoir. Peremptory visibility of the pontoon berth, used in the summer period. With the advent of cold weather, the above-water building is dismantled and retracted for storage before the subsequent season.
Another variation of the device of the bridge
Of the trucks that have worked their own time, they build poles. For the sake of this rubber tires are tied together with cables or strong ropes. Then the associated tires are rolled into the water and set for the bottom of the pond. Improvised columns should stand out of the water. The stability of the pillars in the water is provided by the use of river cobblestones that are cast into the tires. Then, for the pillars that have been erected, the wooden bridges are installed.
Which act, if your berth has floated away? Ordinary surface structures, the owner of a plot that goes to a river or a lake, can build on its own. Piers leaving for fairly meters across the banks deep into the pond, should be built by companies that have competent specialists and professional equipment. If you save for the design and construction of the berth, inviting incomprehensible companies for the performance of work, you are allowed to"lose"the above-water building. It will simply float across the banks. Like returning mooring facilities for the room, see the video.
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